During the summer of 2020, Professor Ken Ekegren from North Central State College took four engineering students to Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Malawi to demonstrate construction of bucket and clay-type rocket stoves along with a simple solar charged LED lighting and phone charging system. A low-cost institutionally sized stove was also designed and built. Ken will present the results of this EPA grant funded trip.

Oregon State University students partnered with Hydrobee SPC for their senior design project to create a thermoelectric generator (TEG) that harvests waste heat from the chimney of a clean cookstove to power small electronics. This project tests the designs of previous senior design teams and improves upon their research and analysis. The TEG modules produce electrical power due to a temperature drop created by hot air on one side and room-temperature water on the other. The team's testing, research and modelling has focused on four important parameters: heat sink design in the chimney, cold-water reservoir fluid thermal analysis, TEG performance and selection, and design for manufacture. This session will compare various extended surface heat sink designs based on their ability to capture waste heat; the dynamic response of contained water with a constant heat flux on one side; difference between TEG modules related to temperature tolerance and power output; and design methodologies with cost, acquisition, and assembly considerations. Future development will explore the cost-effectiveness of this energy production method and possibility of scaling power performance to address different power needs. Learning objectives: Attendees will understand the concept of thermoelectric generation (TEG) using a power differential and discover the objective qualifications of commercially-available TEG modules (comparing hot-side and cold-side temperature ranges to power outputs. A discourse will be held on the design of heat sinks that capture thermal energy from a hot air source and move this energy to a colder surface. The attendee will learn about heat transfer characteristics of a finned heat sink in laminar and turbulent flow conditions and see thermal modelling data for different heat sink designs. Lastly, an explanation for the travel of heat through a TEG system will be given, explaining where heat is lost and highlighting the response of a container of water to a one-sided heat flux.

Is there an add-on accessory that can dramatically improve the performance of basic cookstoves using local materials? YES! With the Jet-Flame any cookstove can be a high-performance fan stove. This talk shares the development of the Jet-Flame, how and why it works, and performance benchmarking.

Cookstoves can be an expensive commodity in developing countries; the initial investment can easily overshadow their potential for future fuel savings and health benefits. In an effort to help make this investment more worthwhile, Burn Design Lab is seeking to extend a charcoal cookstove's lifetime by replacing its combustion chamber material, stainless steel, with a ceramic. Burn Design Lab would like to share its experiences testing ceramic materials in the hope of building a "library" of protocols and properties conducive to a long-lasting, efficient ceramic combustion chamber, so the world can breathe easier. Learning objectives: Burn Design Lab has been exploring ceramics as an alternate material for a little while; we would like to share some of our mistakes and experiences in small-scale production and testing. 1. Metal vs Ceramic crack propagation mechanisms 2. Obstacles in moulding and de-moulding 3. Attempts at finding testing protocols which help predict combustion chamber lifetime (Spoiler: this is mainly about quench testing)

The "Justa" biomass cookstove was developed in the late-nineties after Hurricane Mitch hit in late 1998, and within one year, Trees, Water & People (TWP), Aprovecho Research Center, and the community Aldea de Suyapa had debuted the Justa Stove, named after Justa Nuñez – the woman who most contributed to its design. Twenty years later, the Justa Stove remains the flagship improved cookstove in Central America, and dozens of additional designs have sprung from its original iteration. Approximately 250,000 Justa cookstoves installed in Honduras so far, with a half-a-dozen recent scientific publications backing the cookstove's success in the region made possible by a 2014-2018 collaboration between Colorado State University, Trees, Water & People, and the Asociación Hondureña para el Desarrollo (AHDESA). This talk will dive into the recent scientific studies examining public health benefits of the Justa cookstove, as well as take a look back at the last 20 years of the Justa cookstove and what made this a success story. We will have an opportunity to discuss what opportunities and challenges still remain. We're grateful to the ETHOS family for being part of the early days of the Justa Stove, and look forward to years of collaboration to come. Learning objectives: 1) Sector experts, professors and students will understand the transformation of the Justa cookstove since 1998, including the latest scientific research carried out by Colorado State University, and Trees, Water & People including seven peer-reviewed articles from 2018 and 2019. 2) Newer members to the cookstove sector will understand the founding story of the Justa cookstove in Honduras, as well as the unique community-based development and participatory design approaches that were used, and how that model translated into a success story over 20 years later 3) A friendly discussion with the ETHOS group around how to scale-up and expand this successful community-based cookstove approach in Central America, as well as how this approach can be translated to other geographies around the world.

A bed of rocks (5-10 cm) placed in traditional wood cookstoves (such as three-stone) improves efficiency by a third. SNV has demonstrated this efficiency improvement by WBT, KPT and CCT testing. This simple and free cookstove improvement requires no purchase or construction. Cooks only need to learn about the effectiveness and collect rocks. Training is quick and easy. In less than a year of training, millions of households are using rock beds. Learning objectives: We hope the attendees will critically consider how to expand training on rock beds to compliment the dissemination of other clean cooking initiatives (necessitated by stacking) and to reach households missed by these initiatives.

A. The standard TLUD is modified as follows: (1) To achieve more draft and cut costs, the lower pyrolysis portion is placed below ground. (2) The chimney/pot is to the side of the pyrolysis unit. The pyrolysis unit and chimney are separated by a traditional (but moveable) plancha above a horizontal flame. This allows for a taller chimney and therefore higher power flames (faster boiling or cooking on 2 or more cook pots). B. A different low cost means of char-making - exterior heating of a can only slightly open at the bottom (not known to be used in combination with a TLUD). If possible, experimental results will be included. Learning objectives: We hope the attendees will critically consider: 1. In TLUDs, • Incorporation of the ground to cut costs, • Use of a horizontal flame to heat a plancha, • Use of a taller chimney to create higher power flames. • Low cost TLUD that heats multiple cookpots. 2. How to make char by placing a can in a TLUD.

Fish processing (smoking, frying, drying) along the lakeshores of Malawi is estimated to use over 60,000 metric tons of dry wood equivalent every year, mostly coming from live trees in natural forests. In 2019, GIZ Energising Development (EnDev) started getting involved in R&D of firewood-saving technologies in cooperation with other stakeholders in the sector. Early successes include special stoves for efficient frying of fish on shore. Fish drying and smoking in the rainy season are up next. This intervention is part of a global initiative by EnDev to deliver more efficient biomass energy solutions for small and medium businesses. Learning objectives: This session aims to sensitize the audience for the huge potentials for climate impact that are so far mostly untapped in firewood-using small businesses in developing countries. It is high time to invest more effort into tackling this field as... • In productive uses of firewood, baseline technologies are extremely wasteful. • The specific saving potentials of large firewood consumers are much higher than household stoves. • Commercial firewood users are much more able and willing to invest into efficient technologies as it directly improves their business case. • This session shall initiate more cooperation between experts to jointly address this multi-dimensional field of work.

We are Enactus City University of Seattle and Green Energy Center (GEC) is one of projects. We created a clean cook gasifier stove that uses biomass as fuel. With our stove we provide a healthier alternate solution to open fire cooking in villages in in Guatemala, Puerto Rico and Gabon. Currently we are partnering with Hands for Peace Making, a non-profit organization that help us to manufacture the stove and distribute them in Guatemala. After testing our stove at the village we found that fueling the stove with wood wasn’t the best option because villagers needed to refuel the stove several times before finishing to cook and their wood was often wet. Plus, deforestation causes soil destabilization. Therefore we devised a solution of a pellet feeder to extend the cooking time of our gasifier stove. The GEC stove uses pellets made with agricultural waste to make it more sustainable and reduce the amount of wood used. We will report on our successful trial with the villagers on the prototype and our plans to invest in a pelletizer and training program for the villagers to produce their own fuel for the stoves. Learning objectives: • To learn how to improve a gasifier stove with a pellet feeder. • To understand local Guatemala villager needs.

This presentation concerns the use of solar energy for the non-cooking portion of household energy needs. This includes wash water heating and space heating, also water purification, wood drying, grain drying, clothing disinfection, and possibly other tasks. These low temperature tasks are well suited to diffuse solar energy, and very simple solar collectors can be used. A new type of inexpensive solar water heater is also presented, appropriate for people or businesses (such as small hotels) that have piped cold water and want to have piped hot water without the use of electricity. Learning objectives: - That solar energy and very low cost solar collectors are well-suited to many household energy tasks. - That these tasks can be very energy intensive. - That if you already have piped water, a number of methods are available for low cost solar water heaters.

We started a company in Ghana to build solar-electric cookers with thermal storage capacity. Because of the declining cost of photovoltaic solar panels, directly connected DC solar cookers have the potential to greatly reduce the use of biomass cooking and electrify rural low-income communities. Our simple and inexpensive Insulated Solar Electric Cooking technology optimizes the power delivered from a solar panel over a wide range of solar intensities. A phone or small battery charger (for a light source) can be attached directly to the cooking system, improving cookstove adoption. By storing energy in a phase change medium our new design increases available power and allows the user to cook after sunset. After exploring building and applications in the unelectrified village of Agbokpa, Ghana, we are currently preparing the production of our cookers in Ghana for a larger scale test dissemination with MECS funding through UKAid. SolarElectricCook.com is our company site with access to videos and publications. Learning objectives: 1) Awareness and understanding of our technology as an alternative to biomass cooking that provides inexpensive electrification. 2) To invite collaboration within the cooking community. 3) To continue the dialogue about dissemination methods.